STONES
TANZANITE

Colors
Characteristically Blue with violet tinge, lighter specimens are almost lavender
Traditional Cuts
Usually Oval cut, Step Cut also used
Place of Origin
Discovered in Tanzania in 1967Rarity/ExclusivityLimited Quantities, found exclusively in Tanzania

CORAL (ORANGE, RED, WHITE)

Colors
Red, Pink, Orange, White
Traditional Cuts
Various Cuts, Beads very common
Place of Origin
Banks of coral are found in the Mediterranean, along the coasts of China, Vietnam, and Japan, near the Philippines and and along parts of the African coastline
Rarity/Exclusivity
Red: Common; Pink and White: Less Common

AMETHYST (PURPLE, GREEN)

Colors
Purple, Green
Traditional Cuts
Oval and drop mixed cuts, step cuts
Place of Origin
Brazil, Uruguay, US, Madagascar, Russia, India, Australia, South Africa
Rarity/Exclusivity
Very Common

CHRYSOPRASE

Colors
Sheer, Bright green
Traditional Cuts
Cabochon, Rounded
Place of Origin
Germany, Russia, US, Canada, Brazil, Uruguay
Rarity/Exclusivity
Common

IOLITE

Colors
Gray, light to dark blue, or violet
Traditional Cuts
Rectangular, step cut, or cabochon
Place of Origin
Germany (Bavaria), Norway, Finland, Brazil, Madagascar

SAPPHIRE

Colors
purple, orange, blue, pink, white, blue, yellow
Traditional Cuts
Oval, round, or rectangular or step cuts
Place of Origin
Kashmir, Burma, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Cambodia, Australia, US, Tanzania, Malawi
Rarity/Exclusivity
Common

GARNET

Colors
green, red, orange, Tsvorite, Madarin
Traditional Cuts
Cabochon, Rose, Rectangular

TOURMALINE

Colors
green, red, orange, Tsvorite, Madarin
Traditional Cuts
Various Cuts
Place of Origin
Sri Lanka, Russia, Afghanistan, Burma, US (California, Maine, Connecticut), Brazil, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Nambia

PARAIBA TOURMALINE

Colors
blue, green
Traditional Cuts
Rectangular
Place of Origin
Brazil, US (maine), Tanzania, Mozambique, Nambia
Rarity/Exclusivity
Plentiful and Widespread

RUBY

Colors
Red
Traditional Cuts
Round or Oval
Place of Origin
Burma, Thailand
Rarity/Exclusivity
Semi- Rare

EMERALD

Colors
Ranges from light to dark green
Traditional Cuts
step or trap cut- also known as emerald cut
Place of Origin
Columbia, Brazil, with small deposits in Zimbabwe, Zambia and Tanzania
Rarity/Exclusivity
Semi- Rare

MOONSTONE

Colors
Grey, chocolate, peach, white
Traditional Cuts
cabochon and round
Place of Origin
Sri Lanka, Burma, India, Australia, Madagascar, Tanzania, the US and Brazil
Rarity/Exclusivity
Very Common

MALACHITE

Colors
striking color stratification from bright to dark green
Traditional Cuts
various cuts
Place of Origin
Chile, the US, Zaire, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Russia and Australia
Rarity/Exclusivity
Very Common

LAPIS

Colors
Deep Blue opaque with fairly distinct crystallizations
Traditional Cuts
various cuts
Place of Origin
Afghanistan, Chile
Rarity/Exclusivity
Limited Quantities

OPAL

Colors
white with various shades of iridescence
Traditional Cuts
Round, Oval, Cabochon and Various
Place of Origin
Czechoslovakia, Australia
Rarity/Exclusivity
Somewhat common

CACHALONG OPAL

Colors
milky to creamy white
Traditional Cuts
Round, Oval, Cabochon and Various
Place of Origin
Russia and Bulgaria
Rarity/Exclusivity
Rare

PINK OPAL

Colors
Soft, opaque pink
Traditional Cuts
Various
Place of Origin
Peru
Rarity/Exclusivity
Rare

PEACH OPAL

Colors
peach with iridescence
Traditional Cuts
Various

FIRE OPAL

Colors
Yellow to Orange or Brilliant Scarlet
Traditional Cuts
Both Cabochons and faceted
Place of Origin
Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and the US
Rarity/Exclusivity
Common

WATER OPAL

Colors
Clear to pale blue to very light yellow orange
Traditional Cuts
Mostly Cabochons, clear stones cut into facets
Place of Origin
Mexico
Rarity/Exclusivity
Rare

WHITE OPAL

Colors
whitish to light gray, dull yellow, light blue-gray, or pale- blue ground color- with vast range of color patches, due to diffraction
Traditional Cuts
Most often cut into convex cabochons, sometimes cut flat
Place of Origin
Australia, Czechoslovakia, Mexico, smaller quantities found in the US, Brazil, Japan and Indonesia
Rarity/Exclusivity
Precious

BLACK OPAL

Colors
Bluish gray, smoke gray to black
Traditional Cuts
Cabochons
Place of Origin
Australia, small quantities from Indonesia
Rarity/Exclusivity
Precious

BOLDER OPAL

Colors
light brown- from being embedded in ironstone boulders. Opal forms as thin veins within the boulders
Traditional Cuts
Free Form or Irregular shapes
Place of Origin
Australia
Rarity/Exclusivity
Precious

SLICED GEMSTONES

Colors
Various
Traditional Cuts
Mostly flat and irregular, Various
Place of Origin
Varies- depending on the stone
Rarity/Exclusivity
Varies- depending on the stone

SLICED SAPPHIRES

Colors
Various colors, except Red
Traditional Cuts
Flat and/or round shapes-slightly faceted
Place of Origin
Australia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, East Africa and US- Montana
Rarity/Exclusivity
Common

SLICED DIAMONDS

Colors
Various with many inclusions
Traditional Cuts
Flat and/or slightly faceted
Rarity/Exclusivity
Common

SLICED PEARLS

Colors
White, Navy, Black
Traditional Cuts
Flat, slightly faceted
Place of Origin
China and Thaiti (Freshwater) Japan, Australia, China, Indonesia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thaiti, Bahrain, India and Mexico
Rarity/Exclusivity
Common

SLICED TANZANITE

Colors
range of hues from all spectrums of Blue to Violet
Traditional Cuts
Flat, slightly faceted
Place of Origin
Tanzania
Rarity/Exclusivity
Limited Quantities, found exclusively in Tanzania

QUARTZ

Colors
rose, citrine, smokey, lemon, rutilated
Traditional Cuts
Various
Place of Origin
French Alps, Swiss Alps, US, Brazil and Madagascar
Rarity/Exclusivity
Common

TOPAZ

Colors
white, blue, sky, smokey, brown, imperial
Traditional Cuts
Various
Place of Origin
Brazil, Mexico, US, Sri Lanka, Japan, Siberia, Nigeria, Zaire
Rarity/Exclusivity
Common

PERIDOT

Colors
Olive Green
Traditional Cuts
Emerald, Round, Oval, Cushion
Place of Origin
Island of Zebirget, US (Arizona), Hawaiian Islands, Burma and Brazil
Rarity/Exclusivity
Common

CHALCEDONY

Colors
purple, blue, green
Traditional Cuts
Cabochon, Cameos, round, seal stones
Place of Origin
Uruguay, Brazil, Germany, Russia, US, Canada
Rarity/Exclusivity
Very Common

SOUTH SEA PEARLS

Colors
black, yellow, white, pink
Traditional Cuts
Round and in beaded patterns
Place of Origin
Cultured in Indian and Pacific Oceans; Australia, the Philippines, Indonesia and Myanmar
Rarity/Exclusivity
Precious

TAHITIAN PEARLS

Colors
Black with under/over tones of green, pink, blue, silver and yellow
Traditional Cuts
Round, Semi-Round, Button, Circle, Oval, Teardrop, Baroque and Semi-Baroque
Place of Origin
French Polynesia- mainly Tahiti
Rarity/Exclusivity
Rare

AUSTRALIAN PEARLS

Colors
White and off White
Traditional Cuts
Round
Place of Origin
Broome- Kimberley Region of North West Australia
Rarity/Exclusivity
Common

FRESHWATER PEARLS

Colors
Lavender, White, Peach, Black
Traditional Cuts
Round
Place of Origin
China, Japan and US
Rarity/Exclusivity
Rare

ABALONE SHELL

Colors
Iridescent Green and Blue, Multiple Colors
Traditional Cuts
Various
Place of Origin
Australia, US, New Zealand, South Africa, UK Channel Islands
Rarity/Exclusivity
Very Common

TURQUOISE

Colors
blue, white, green
Traditional Cuts
Cabochons, Various shapes
Place of Origin
Iran, US- (Nevada, Arizona, California, New Mexico)
Rarity/Exclusivity
Common

RIVERSTONE

Colors
Brown, Black, Beige, Cream, Tan, White, Off-White
Traditional Cuts
Round, Oval, Cabochon and Various
Place of Origin
Various sources
Rarity/Exclusivity
Common

COLORED DIAMONDS

Colors
yellow, red, blue, black, cognac, brown, milky, grey, white, green
Traditional Cuts
Round, Emerald, Princess, Pear, Marquis, Heart, Asscher, Rose, Oval, Cushion
Place of Origin
Botswana, Russia, Australia, Zaire, South Africa
Rarity/Exclusivity
Precious

LUBIAN GLASS

Colors
white to pale green hue
Traditional Cuts
beads

JADE

Colors
green, white, lavender, black, brown
Traditional Cuts
Various
Place of Origin
Burma, Japan, US (California), Guatemala
Rarity/Exclusivity
Varies

CAMEOS

Colors
Cream, Blue, Black, Mother-of-Pearl, Coral, Green
Traditional Cuts
Mostly round and Oval
Place of Origin
Italy, France, England and US
Rarity/Exclusivity
Varies by piece

AMBER

Colors
Transparent Yellow, Honey, or Brown
Traditional Cuts
Round, Square, Beads, Various
Place of Origin
Poland, Russia, Burma, Dominican Republic
Rarity/Exclusivity
Common

IVORY

Colors
Cream to Yellowish-white
Traditional Cuts
Various
Place of Origin
Cameroon, Gabon, Zaire, Ghana, Sierra Leone, Angola, Tanzania, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, India, Thailand and Burma
Rarity/Exclusivity
Precious

BONE

Colors
Off-White, Red, Brown, Yellow, Black
Traditional Cuts
Beads, Cabochons
Rarity/Exclusivity
Very Common

CAT'S EYE (SAPPHIRE, TOURMALINE, CHRYSOBERYL)

Colors
Green to Green Gray
Traditional Cuts
Round, Beads
Place of Origin
Sri Lanka, Germany (Bavaria), Burma
Rarity/Exclusivity
Common

LABRADORITE

Colors
Dark Gray with rainbow colored reflections (Labradoresence)
Traditional Cuts
Cabochons, Flat or Carvings
Place of Origin
Canada, Finland
Rarity/Exclusivity
UnCommon

AMAZONITE

Colors
Pale green to Blue green; semiopaque
Traditional Cuts
Cabochon, Round, Teardrop
Place of Origin
Brazil, US, Madagascar, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Australia, Russia
Rarity/Exclusivity
Common

GREEN BERYL

Colors
Green
Traditional Cuts
Flat, Rectangular, Square, Round
Place of Origin
Northern Europe, North America, South America, Himalayan Asia, and in Colombia
Rarity/Exclusivity
Common

BLUE BERYL

Colors
Aquamarine to Dark Blue
Traditional Cuts
Round, Square, Rectangular, Triangular, Oval
Place of Origin
Brazil, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Namibia, US
Rarity/Exclusivity
Common

PRYANITE

Colors
Yellow to Green
Traditional Cuts
Round, Beads,Oval, Square, Rectangular, Smooth, Flat shapes
Place of Origin
Australia
Rarity/Exclusivity
Common

JASPER

Colors
Many Varieties of colors
Traditional Cuts
Cabochons
Place of Origin
Australia, Brazil, Canada, Egypt, India, Kazakhstan, Madagascar, Russia, Uguguay, US
Rarity/Exclusivity
Very Common

AGATE

Colors
Blue, Purple, Red, Natural, Fuschia, Teal, Black, Iridescent
Traditional Cuts
Various Cuts
Place of Origin
Brazil, India, Madagascar, Mexico, US, Uruguay
Rarity/Exclusivity
Very Common

ANTLER

Colors
Brown, Black, Gray, Amber, Red
Traditional Cuts
Various Cuts
Place of Origin
Phillipines, India
Rarity/Exclusivity
Very Common

TIGER'S EYE

Colors
Golden yellow and brown
Traditional Cuts
Round, Beads, Cabochon
Place of Origin
South Africa, East Asia
Rarity/Exclusivity
Common

HAWKS EYE

Colors
Blue to Blue Gray
Traditional Cuts
Round, Beads, Cabochon
Place of Origin
South Africa, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Western Australia, Brazil, California
Rarity/Exclusivity
Common

ONYX

Colors
Black and White or Gray and White
Traditional Cuts
Beads, Cabochons, Tablets
Place of Origin
Brazil, India, California, Uruguay
Rarity/Exclusivity
Common

CARNELIAN

Colors
Yellowish Orange to Orange-Red to Brownish Orange
Traditional Cuts
Beads, Cameos
Place of Origin
Brazil, India, Uruguay
Rarity/Exclusivity
Common

PYRITE

Colors
Brassy yellow or pale gold color, opaque with metallic luster
Traditional Cuts
Crystallizations, Cubes and Octahedrons
Place of Origin
Spain, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Germany, Japan, US
Rarity/Exclusivity
Very Common

KUNZITE

Colors
Violet Pink
Traditional Cuts
Oval Mixed Cuts, Pear, Triangular or Step Cut
Place of Origin
California, Maine, Connecticut, Brazil, Madagascar, Afghanistan
Rarity/Exclusivity
Semi- Rare

SPINEL

Colors
black, red, purple, blue
Traditional Cuts
Oval, Round
Place of Origin
Cambodia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand
Rarity/Exclusivity
Semi- Rare

GLASS

Colors
Transparent, Various Colors
Traditional Cuts
various cuts
Place of Origin
Various sources
Rarity/Exclusivity
Very Common

SVAROVSKI CRYSTAL

Colors
Transparent with rainbow iridescence
Traditional Cuts
Round, Teardrop, Oval, Beads
Place of Origin
Austria
Rarity/Exclusivity
Very Common

AQUAMARINE

Colors
light Blue Green
Traditional Cuts
Square, Rectangular, Teardrop, Oval, Round, Various
Place of Origin
Australia, Brazil, China, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Nigeria, Pakistan, US, Zambia
Rarity/Exclusivity
Common